Energy Demand
Final energy consumption strongly decreased between 1990 (211 Mtoe/8834 PJ) and 2000 (130 Mtoe/5443 PJ), and increased slightly from then on. In 2007 the final energy consumption amounted to 134 Mtoe/5610 PJ.
[Enerdata]
Demand per sector
Final Energy Consumption by Sector, Ukraine, 2008
Final Energy Demand of the Residential Sector of Ukraine, 2009
Final Energy Demand of the Residential Sector of Ukraine, as compared to that of other CEE countries, Austria, and the EU 15, 2007
Demand per Capita
Primary energy consumption per capita in 2007 was 2.9 toe / 121 GJ.
Primary Energy Intensity in MJ per GDP at Purchase Power Parity in Ukraine, as compared to other CEE countries, Austria, and the EU 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output. With 0.7 koe/$95p (33 MJ/$95p), the energy intensity of the GDP has increased since 1991 and remains at a very high level compared to Western European countries.
Demand of electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and capita (kWh/hab) for Ukraine, other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria, or, conversely, which gains in efficiency are to be realised. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases - what can be expected for the future in CEE countries - more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the black bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Final Energy Consumption of Ukraine, figures for 2009
Final Energy Consumption for Ukraine, figures for 2009 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Final Consumption (TJ) | Solid fuels | Crude oil | Oil products | Gas | Hydro., Nucl. | Elec. | Heat | Bio- | Total |
industry | 567838 | 59860 | 328264 | 219603 | 200678 | 2377 | 1378621 | ||
transport | 1260 | 341799 | 2696 | 31752 | 0 | 377507 | |||
households, services | 62767 | 79831 | 503501 |
| 186553 | 172287 | 21498 | 1026436 | |
non energy uses | 45245 | 56865 | 166567 | 268677 | |||||
total | 677111 | 538355 | 1001028 | 437908 | 372965 | 23875 | 3051242 | ||
Prospects for Energy Saving
High energy content of Ukraine's GDP is a result of significant technological lag in the majority of economy sectors compared to the developed countries, unsatisfactory sectoral structure of the national economy, negative impact of the shadow sector, specifically, import-export operations, which objectively limit the competitive power of national production and is burdensome for the economy, especially given its foreign energy dependence. In contrast to the industrially developed countries where energy saving is an element of economic and environmental expediency, in case of Ukraine it is an issue of survival under the market conditions and entrance to European and world market. This requires addressing the problem of well-balanced solvent demand both on the internal and external markets, as well as diversification of fuel and energy imports.
The technical factor reflects the impact of the technical (technological) condition and the equipment level on the energy inputs in process of good (services) production. The structural factor reflects the impact of structural changes in the sectoral or intersectoral activities on fuel and energy consumption.
At present, building an efficient energy-saving state regulation system is the main factor reducing the energy content of goods (services) in all sectors of economy. This will make possible, in the first place, improving the energy final consumption structure, specifically, by further extension and intensification of electrification in all economic sectors by replacing critical fuels and, at the same time, enhancing production efficiency. Figure 3.8 represents the structure of energy saving potential.
Given the technical (technological) and structural factors, the total energy saving potential of the Ukrainian economy will be 318,360,000 tons of standard fuel based on the base-case scenario of economic and sectoral development, including:
- 175,930,000 tons of standard fuel due to sectoral technical (technological) factor;
- 22,130,000 tons of standard fuel due to intersectoral technical (technological) factor;
- 61,650,000 tons of standard fuel due to sectoral structural factor;
- 58,650,000 tons of standard fuel due to intersectoral structural factor.
[Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2030, SEC Biomass]
