Energy Demand
Demand per sector
Consumption per capita is 3.9 toe, which is close to the EU average; however the electricity consumption per capita is particularly high (6319 kWh 2008).
The country's electricity demand is expected to increase by 2.7 % /year over the period of 2005-2020, which implies a 17 % increase in the electricity production capacity, mainly through hydroelectric power.
[ENERDATA]
Final energy consumption by sector, 2009, in %
Final Energy Demand of the Residential Sector of Slovenia, 2009
Final energy demand of the residential sector of Slovenia, as compared to that of other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2008
Demand per Capita
Primary Energy Intensity in MJ per GDP (gross domestic product) at purchase power parity for Slovenia, as compared to other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the EU 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output. Referring to the output of her economy (based on purchase power parity), the relative primary energy demand in Slovenian Republic is still about 17% above EU (15) average and even 30% above that of neighbouring Austria.
Demand of Electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and per Capita (kWh/hab) for Slovenia, as compared to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the European Union 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria, or, conversely, which gains in efficiency are to be realised. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases - what can be expected for the future in CEE countries - more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the black bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Final Consumption (TJ) | Solid fuels | Crude oil | Oil products | Gas | Hydro., Nucl. | Elec. | Heat | Bio- | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
industry | 2277 | 6399 | 18768 | 17852 | 2797 | 3349 | 51443 | ||
transport | 0 | 70567 | 561 | 1260 | 72388 | ||||
house- | 0 | 24389 | 5192 | 22180 | 4703 | 13631 | 70094 | ||
non energy uses | 114 | 5667 | 3780 | 9561 | |||||
total | 2391 | 107022 | 27740 | 40592 | 7501 | 18240 | 203486 | ||
Prospects for Energy Saving
The Study on Energy Conservation Strategy for Slovenia financed from PHARE estimates the cost-effective potential of energy savings through energy efficiency investments at some 20% of the actual consumption in industry and 30% in the building sector, respectively, even at the present price level. With an intensive Promotional Programme supported by subsidies and fiscal incentives Slovenia can to a large extent help achieve EU targets of raising RES from 6% to 15% till the Year 2010. To do this Slovenia will have to reach 31.5 PJ of renewable energy sources as compared to about 14 PJ at present. The study of U. Stritih, C. Arkar, R. Maksic and S. Medved suggests that these targets can be achieved, or almost achieved, as follows:
- double use of biomass; supplementary 11 PJ/a - 10 PJ/a of heat and 1 PJ/a of electricity
- double production of electric energy from small hydro power stations; 1.1 PJ/a
- to add bioethanol to unleaded fuels ; what is 2 PJ/a which represents oly 18 % of potential of unused farm lands in recent years
- to use biodiesel fuel; with 0.3 PJ/a representing only 3% of the potential of unused land
- with biogas utilisation; in the frame of 1 PJ/a being 4% in comparison to the estimated animal potential
- triple use of geothermal energy; that is 2 PJ/a - 1.7 PJ/a of electric energy from aquifer Termal II and 0.3 PJ/a of heat
- solar energy use; 0.5 PJ/a constituting 100% of the potential for hot water preparation in new buildings (5,000 in the year) and 0.25 PJ/a for heating individual buildings and industry objects with low and middle temperature systems.
Prices
Energy prices, in particular for electricity and coal, do not completely reflect economic costs. The Government committed itself, however, to bring energy prices in line with the principles of cost coverage and to allow price formation according to market rules which is almost the case for petrol and derivatives and natural gas. For power, the Strategy for Energy Use and Supply for Slovenia defines an annual increase in electricity prices of 7% in real terms. Until its independence Slovenia had a price structure without relationship with the real costs. The energy prices to the consumers were subsidized, and the losses of energy companies partially covered by the State. The prices of energies derived then considerably because of a hyperinflation in 1989. This situation did not make it possible to send tariff signals to the consumers. Thus, the State, helped by the return to more reasonable levels of inflation, gradually set up new tariff structures likely to bring the energy prices closer to the real economic costs, and to abolish the subsidies.
