Energy Demand
Demand per Sector
Final energy consumption by sector in Slovakia, 2009
Final energy demand of the residential sector in Slovakia, 2009
Final Energy Demand of the residential sector of Slovak Republic, as compared to that of other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the European Union 15, 2008
The majority of energy consumption of the residential sector is for heating, dwellings being in general badly insulated. About 1.3 million households are connected to the gas network (average growth of 45 000/year). About 90% of the Slovak population lives in gasified areas, what explains at least partly the extraordinary high usage of gas in this sector. It is the main source of energy for final consumers (36% in 2001) followed by oil products with 27% and solid fuels (16%). A general decline in coal and lignite accompanied by a strong growth of natural gas can also be observed.
Demand per Capita
The energy consumption per capita is high considering the country's level of development and reached its peak in 1987. Currently energy consumption is ranging around 3.5 toe per capita.
Electricity consumption per capita is increasing (4,700 kWh). By 2010 the electricity consumption could increase by more than 30 % over 1997 levels, due to increasing industrial production and rising living standards.
The GDP energy intensity decreased by 36 % in the last 15 years (approximately by -2,7 %/year), but is still higher than the EU average (0,25 koe in the Slovak Republic compared to 0.16 koe for the EU average).
[Enerdata]
Primary energy intensity per GDP at purchase power parity for Slovakia, other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2007
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2010]
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output. Referring to the output of her economy (based on purchase power parity), the relative primary energy demand in Slovak Republic is above the average of the EU and Austria, but below that of Bulgaria and Ukraine, for example.
Demand of electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and capita (kWh/hab) for Slovakia, other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria, or, conversely, which gains in efficiency are to be realised. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases - what can be expected for the future in CEE countries - more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the black bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Table: Final Energy Consumption for Slovak Republic, figures for 2009
Final Energy Consumption for Slovak Republic, figures for 2009 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Final | Solid | Crude | Oil | Gas | Hydro., | Elec. | Heat | Bio- | Total |
industry | 87637 | 10436 | 31406 | 41939 | 3274 | 16469 | 176748 | ||
transport | 71774 | 330 | 1856 | 6965 | 80924 | ||||
households, | 12212 | 3739 | 75095 | 38885 | 28446 | 2592 | 160969 | ||
non energy | 2202 | 40751 | 10963 | 53915 | |||||
total | 87637 | 126699 | 117794 | 82680 | 31720 | 26026 | 472557 | ||
Prospects for Energy Saving
Industry in Slovakia has stagnated in recent years, resulting in a decrease in energy consumption. The main energy intensive branches of Slovak industry are still the metallurgy and chemicals sectors. The machinery manufacturing sector, a sector which represents a considerable potential for energy savings, could influence future electricity demand.
[Enerdata]
Prices
General Information: Since January 2004 the VAT rate is 19 %.
- The prices for oil products continued to increase, closing in on the average EU levels. Motor fuel prices reached € 1.06/l for unleaded gasoline and € 1.07/l for diesel in 2006.
- Prices for electricity have increased strongly since 1999, in 2006 they reached € 12.4 cents/kWh, prices for industry amount to € 7.8 cents/kWh.
- The price of gas made up € 3.8 cents/kWh in 2006, the price for industry is on average € 2.6 cents/kWh. From January 2007 on the energy regulator accepted a decrease of the gas price of 4 % for households.
[Enerdata]
