Energy Supply
National Resources
Serbia mostly depends on imports of oil and gas for about 40 per cent of its energy despite increased utilisation of local resources (large deposits of coal and hydro power). Hydro power accounts for around 30 per cent of electricity generation and of 70 per cent thermal generation.
Energy Sources of Serbia
The volume and structure of Serbian energy resources is very unfavourable making its economy dependable on import. Oil and gas reserves are simbolical and make less than 1% of the total balance reserves. The rest of 99% reserves depend on various sorts of coal, dominantly with low-calory lignite.
Table: Summary Reserves of Fossil Fuels in Serbia
Energy resource | Exploitation reserves (Mtoe) | Geology reserves (Mtoe) |
|---|---|---|
Lignite (open-pit exploitation) |
2.616 |
3.753 |
Pit and pitch coal (underground exploitation) |
125 |
130 |
Oil and natural gas |
20 |
60 |
Renewable Energy Sources
The most important is hydro potential (approximately 17.000 GWh), wherefrom 10.000 GWh is being used.
New category of REI – Estimated potential of 3 Mtoe P/A
- Small hydropower plants – up to 10 MWh – there are roughly 900 locations, with possible production of 1.800 GWh P/A. (0.40 Mtoe P/A)
- Biomass – appr. 1.0 Mtoe of wood biomass and 1,5 Mtoe of agricultural waste biomass
- Geothermal energy – 0.2 MToe
- Wind energy
- Solar energy
[ Ministry of Mining and Energy ]
Total Primary Energy Supply
Primary Energy Demand Serbia and Montenegro, 2009
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
(These are cumulative data for SAM, and should be understood as temporary data, until separate country profiles are created on ENERDATA database.)
Primary Energy Production Structure in Serbia
Domestic Production vs Import in Serbia
Source: Serbian Government
Development of Primary Energy Demand per Capita in Serbia and Montenegro, as compared to the other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the European Union 15 and Austria, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
(These are cumulative data for SAM, and should be understood as temporary data, until separate country profiles are created on ENERDATA database.)
Primary Energy Demands per Capita in Serbia and Montenegro, as compared to other Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the current European Union 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
(These are cumulative data for SAM, and should be understood as temporary data, until separate country profiles are created on ENERDATA database.)
Energy Balance
Energy Balance for the Republic of Serbia for 2006*
Methodology
Energy Balance Document comprises three positions:
- Realization for 2004
- Estimation of balance in 2005
- Plan for 2006
Energy Balance Document set out the flows of all the fuels within three basic systems:
- SYSTEM where total primary energy is shown – available for energy transformation and/or direct consumption, that is domestic production based on domestic resources and net import/export of primary energy
- ENERGETIC SYSTEM – showing technical consumption in energy objects/facilities for primary energy transformation/conversion, e.g. thermal – power plants, hydro-power plants, DH plants, refineries; energy generated in transformation processes, including own consumption, losses in transformation, transmission and distribution of energy to end consumers.
- SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM with particular consuming sectors inclusive non-energy services (chemicals and other industries). Consumption of solid fuels is dispersed on three sectors: Industry, Transport and Other (Households, public and municipal consumption, agriculture).
Units in Energy Balance document are as follows:
- Solid fuels – Mtoe /millions of tons oil equivalent/
- Gas fuels Mm3,
- Electricity GWh
- Heat energy TJ) and Mtoe
- 1 toe = 41.868 GJ = 11.630 MWh electric energy = 2.0 t pit coal = 5.586 t raw lignite
* Without Kosovo and Metohija – due to no available monitoring data for production, except for electricity
Energy Balance for Serbia , 2009 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TJ | Solid | Crude | Oil | Gas | Hydro., | Elec. | Heat | Bio- | Total | |
PRIMARY | 306761 | 28627 | 9802 | 38069 | 206 | 30480 | 413945 | |||
Imports | 26085 | 98266 | 48736 | 59260 | 18097 | 30 | 250475 | |||
Exports | -1596 | -181 | -13809 | -22922 | -183 | -38690 | ||||
Marine | -1724 | -1724 | ||||||||
Stock | 3916 | -2489 | 5699 | -7229 | 1274 | 1172 | ||||
PRIMARY | 335166 | 124224 | 38902 | 61834 | 38069 | -4825 | 206 | 31601 | 625177 | |
Refineries | -124025 | 113577 | -10448 | |||||||
Power | -294560 | -9113 | -5508 | -38069 | 137572 | 1620 | -208058 | |||
Own use, | -5922 | -199 | -13752 | -16654 | -37506 | 28288 | -1454 | -47199 | ||
FINAL | 34684 | 129614 | 39671 | 95241 | 30144 | 30147 | 359472 | |||
industry | 16103 | 12591 | 26602 | 23274 | 11275 | 1673 | 91519 | |||
transport | 14 | 89189 | 209 | 1815 | 91227 | |||||
house- | 17648 | 7319 | 10838 | 70152 | 18839 | 28473 | 153270 | |||
non energy uses | 919 | 20514 | 2023 | 23456 | ||||||
