Energy Demand
The primary energy consumption per capita is about 1.8 toe/ 75 GJ. The final energy consumption decreased sharply in the early 1990s, due to economic crisis and the changes in energy accounting methods. Since 1999 the consumption has stabilized at 24.5 Mtoe / 1,025,800 TJ and reached 28,5 Mtoe/ 1,197,000 TJ in 2005.
Demand per sector
The final consumption by sectors is as follows:
Households and Services | 37% |
|---|---|
Transport | 18% |
Industry | 37% |
Non Energy Uses | 8% |
Final energy demand by sectors in Romania, 2008
Final Energy Demand of the Residential Sector of Romania, 2008
Final energy demand of the residential sector of Romania, as compared to that of other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2008
Demand per Capita
The primary energy consumption per capita is about 1.8 toe/ 75 GJ.
Primary Energy Intensity in MJ per GDP (gross domestic product) at purchase power parity for Romania, as compared to other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the EU 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output. In 2004, the Romanian energy intensity was of 0.24 toe (10,044 MJ) per 1,000 USD. The energy intensity of the Romanian economy is very high (estimated almost twice as high as the EU average).
Demand of Electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and per Capita (kWh/hab) for Romania, as compared to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the European Union 15, 2008
Source: ENERDATA s.a. - WORLD ENERGY DATABASE [2011]
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases - which is expected in the future in CEE countries - more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the black bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Table 1: Final Energy Consumption for Romania, figures for 2009
Final Energy Consumption for Romania, figures for 2009 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Final | Solid | Crude | Oil | Gas | Hydro., | Elec. | Heat | Bio- | Total |
industry | 22690 | 32994 | 126614 | 69742 | 13106 | 11719 | 276866 | ||
transport | 0 | 201744 | 0 | 5043 | 4699 | 211486 | |||
households, | 1578 | 28916 | 103099 | 63046 | 56850 | 160970 | 414460 | ||
non energy | 0 | 49210 | 31987 | 81197 | |||||
total | 24268 | 312865 | 261700 | 137831 | 69956 | 177389 | 984009 | ||
National Target for Energy Saving
Romania set up an energy saving target by 2016. The country has to cut energy consumption by not less than 9 % (i.e. 1,876 toe) using the average annual consumption for the years 2001-2005 (i.e. 20,840 toe).
However, due to the country`s high level of energy intensity, a national target of 2.8 million toe was set for the year 2016. This represents 13.5 % of average consumption (2001-2005). The annual drop of energy will be 1.5 %, which is 50 % higher than the target prescribed by Directive 2006/32/EC.
Prices
Electricity and heat prices are established by direct regulation and are periodically adjusted with the real production costs. There are different prices for industrial consumers (captive consumers) according to voltage level, using duration and load rate.
