Energy demand
Demand per sector
In 2007, the final energy consumption amounted to 27.4 Mtoe/1147 PJ.
In 2006, the largest share of final demand is that of households and services (50,3 %), followed by industry. Industry accounts for 16% of final consumption, its share having dropped strongly from around 45% in the 1970s and 1980s due to restructuring of the industrial production towards less energy intensive industries. This is also true for the electricity consumption by industry which dropped from 47% in 1989 to 30% in 2001. The transport sector represents 21,6 % (the stock of indivdual cars is less developed than in other EU countries), non energy uses 12,2 % of final energy demand. [ENERDATA]
Final energy consumption by sector, 2007, in %
Final energy demand of the residential sector in Hungarry, 2007
Final Energy Demand of the residential sector of Hungary, as compared to that of other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the European Union 15, 2006
Demand per Capita
Primary energy consumption per capita in 2007 was 2.7 toe / 113 GJ, including 3,600 kWh of electricity. It is below the European average (3.7 toe/capita).[Enerdata]
Primary Energy Intensity in MJ GDP (gross domestic product) at purchase power parity for Hungary, as compared to other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the EU 15, 2006
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output. Referring to the output of her economy (based on purchase power parity), the relative primary energy demand in Hungary is above the average of the EU and Austria, but below that of Slovak Republic and Czech Republic, for example.
Demand of Electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and per Capita (kWh/hab) for Hungary, as compared to other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Austria and the European Union 15, 2005
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria, or, conversely, which gains in efficiency are to be realised. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases – what can be expected for the future in CEE countries – more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the yellow bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Final Consumption (TJ) | Solid fuels | Crude oil | Oil products | Gas | Hydro., Nucl. | Elec. | Heat | Biomass | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
industry | 23,790 |
| 8,770 | 49,560 |
| 34,375 | 14,986 | 7,345 | 138,825 |
transport | 203,147 | 110 | 4,318 | 1,141 | 208,717 | ||||
households, services | 10,134 | 13,216 | 228,194 | 82,933 | 37,252 | 20,291 | 392,020 | ||
non energy uses | 74,574 | 13,330 | 87,904 | ||||||
total | 33,924 | 299,706 | 291,195 | 121,626 | 52,237 | 28,778 | 827,466 | ||
Prospects for Energy Saving
See:New Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Action Programme / National Energy Saving Programme
Prices
The prices of oil products are free since 1991. The taxation of gas and oil imports was abolished on April 1, 1998. In 2002, the price of unleaded premium gasoline was on average 0.92 eurocents/l and that of diesel of 0.82 eurocents/l.
The prices of electricity and gas remain controlled. The pricing policy primarily aims at bringing the prices to production costs or international prices by eliminating most of the subsidies. Accordingly a new price system came into effect for electricity. The price is determined by the production cost plus a margin of 8%, which is implemented by the privatised electricity distribution companies. In 2002, the regulator decided to limit the rise of electricity price to 5%. The price of electricity in industry is 6.31 eurocents/kWh, and that of electricity for the households of 8.43 eurocents/kWh. For gas, the concerns are primarily social and aim at ensuring a cheap supply to the households and to a lesser extent to industry. Thus, the price of gas for households is the lowest in Europe, the price for industry the 4th lowest in Europe. For 2003, increases of the gas price are planned. [Enerdata]
