Energy Demand
The final energy demand increased in 2004 by 3.3 per cent compared to 2003, while the consumption of coal had the fastest growth, by 107,8 per cent. Electricity consumption, steam and hot water, and natural gas consumption were also growing. The consumption of liquid fuels was minimally increased, and fuel wood consumption was 2,3 per cent below the previous year level.
Over a six year period (1999-2004) there was an increase in all energy forms consumption, where total final energy demand grow at a rate of 2,9 per cent.
Demand per Sector
Final Energy Demand per Sector in 2007
Final energy demand of the residential sector of Croatia, 2007
The final Energy Demand of the Residential sector is dominated by Electricity. The most significant change, compared to the previous year, can be seen in the share of biomass with an increase by 8 %.
Final energy demand of the residential sector of Croatia, as compared to that of other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2006
Primary Energy Intensity per GDP at Purchase Power Parity in Croatia, other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2006
Primary energy intensity is an indicator to show how much energy is needed to produce one quantity of economic output.
Parallel to the increased total primary energy supply, GDP rose by 3,8 % which, in total, resulted in a slight increase of energy intensity by 0,3 %. The energy intensity of Croatia is 24 % above the average energy intensity of the EU, despite its declining trend.
Demand of Electricity per GDP (MWh/M$05) and Capita (kWh/hab) for Croatia, other CEEC, Austria, and the EU 15, 2006
The deviation of electricity demand per GDP of a country from that of Austria or the EU average indicates, how efficiently electricity is utilised in the respective economy in comparison to the EU or to Austria, or, conversely, which gains in efficiency are to be realised. If the electricity demand per GDP decreases – what can be expected for the future in CEE countries – more national income in the form of GDP will be produced with the same amount of electricity (the black bars in the figure will decrease in this case).
Final Consumption (TJ) | Solid fuels | Crude oil | Oil products | Gas | Hydro., Nucl. | Elec. | Heat | Biomass | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
industry | 5,442 |
| 23,466 | 22,128 |
| 13,443 | 1,953 | 2,726 | 69,158 |
transport |
|
| 92,230 |
|
| 1,031 |
|
| 93,260 |
households, services | 377 |
| 25,797 | 28,409 |
| 40,095 | 7,441 | 13,014 | 115,133 |
non energy uses |
|
| 12,321 | 15,874 |
|
|
|
| 28,195 |
total | 5,819 |
| 153,814 | 66,411 |
| 54,569 | 9,394 | 15,739 | 305,747 |
Prospects for Energy Saving
The First National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change gives the following figures on energy saving potentials:
Low-Temperature Heat Generation: | 2.1 percent in 2005 - up to 0.4 percent in 2030. |
|---|---|
Industrial Electric Motors Efficiency Improvement: | up to 7.5 percent of electricity, so that this figure is set up as an objective in the mitigation scenario. In that way it would be possible to conserve energy and save from 254 GWh in 2010 up to 487 GWh in 2020. |
DSM Measures in Non-Heat Electricity Use: | The overall savings potential is estimated at around 24 GWh in the beginning and around 50 GWh at the end of the planning period. A more intensive use of the district heating systems enables saving of about 6.3 percent of the overall final energy from the baseline scenario |
DSM Measures in Households (Low-Energy Bulbs and Refrigerators): | The potential of electricity consumption trimming ranges from 93 GWh at the beginning of the observed period to almost 600 GWh at its end. |
Prices
Average electricity selling price (excl. VAT, euro/kWh) | |
|---|---|
Source: Croatian Power Utility | |
Year/Consumer | 2004 |
110 kV | 0,025 |
35 kV | 0,034 |
10 kV | 0,058 |
Households | 0,059 |
Services | 0,058 |
Public lighting | 0,060 |
Average selling price | 0,042 |
The current tariffs are available on the website of HEP- HRVATSKA ELEKTROPRIVREDA D.D..
Prices for oil products on June 2004 (incl. VAT, in euro/kWh) | |
|---|---|
Lead-free motor gasoline – LFMG 95 | 0,96 |
Diesel fuel – DF EURO | 0,79 |
Extra light fuel oil – LUEL | 0,43 |
In 2004, the retail gas prices of the Zagreb City Gas Board are 0.29 euro/cubic and 0.30 euro/cubic meter for households and industry respectively (incl. VAT).
